Thursday, 14 April 2011

recurrant dislocation of patella.



16 year old girl with 3 episodes of patellar dislocation.


Apprehension test positive for lateral patellar subluxation


No clinical torsional abnormality.


normal xrays


MRI- show laterally subluxed patella mild trochlear hypoplasia. No chondral damage


CT Scan- 14 degree anteversion


TT_TG distnce 23 mm


Plan- MPFL reconstruction with tibial tubercle transfer(fulkerson)

Wednesday, 23 February 2011

thr in dysplastic hip post pprp


32 year old financially challenged girl with painful hip. She has a foot drop . grade 4+ hip abductors and flexors

problems1. dyspalstic acetabulum

coxa calga

narrow osteoporotic femoral canal.

TKR in a valgus knee with malunited shaft of femur




68 year old gentleman whose xrays below where sent to me for opinion.
Option 1. Ideal case for CAS
option 2. If CAS is not available what next? comments pleaase

Wednesday, 9 February 2011

poly wear 6 years post thr

this is my own patient done 6 years ago with metal on poly( CLS with sportono cup). 2 week history of thigh pain.
ESR, CRP and cbc are normal. Bone scan shown minimal uptake in the proximal femur( gruen 1 and 5).

Impending fracture post thr





68 year old sister with an aseptic loosening. How can one advise to continue walking innthis case? Are we waiting for the inevitable fracture of femur and posterior column.


Isn't it better to revise early once loosening occurs.

Saturday, 5 February 2011

THR in non unon fracture acetabulum
















Case sent by C . mahajan
67 year old with 2 year old malunited acetabular fracture planned for thr
problems.
1. Is the fracture united - if not in situ posterior column plating single or double.
2. Cavitatory defect with posteriosuperior migration. peripheral reaming to widen the acetabular mouth to fix a peropheral fitting cup and particulate grafting of the cavity. The union to could be assesd from the floor.
Implants. - keep larger cups as well as pinnacle revision cup back up in case.
Gages may not be needed.
Dr mahajan felt that the acetabulum was united and did an uncemented cup without screws. He was confident of the stabiilty. I would have been comfotable with screw at least 2 of them as well as posterior plates if there was any doubtof column union. I need to get his permission to upload the post op pics
jacob


Monday, 31 January 2011

Acetabular wear one year post bipolar replacement



66 year old female sustained a fracture neck of femur in dubai and was treated by a modular bipolar arthroplasty. She presented with groin pain one year postop.


Bone scan confirmed acetabular uptake suggesting acetabular wear.

Xray showed about 1.5 cm decreased femoral offset.

1. Did this contribute to her aceatbular wear?

2. Was bipolar indicated in a fracyure neck at 66 years( active female)

3. Is metal bipolar succesful in a porotic female


options please


Tuesday, 28 December 2010







93 year old female came to us 6 days post injury with a subtrochanteric fracture. She had chest infection which was treated with antibiotics.




Options


proximal femoral nailing either gama/ recon or PFM


would you consider a cemented long stem (calacar replacement) bipolar to mobiise immediately. we did worry about embolisation and cement induced hypotension. The children from US could wait only for a month and hence arthroplasty was decided.

We did a long stem bipolar, mobilised day 2 and home by 6th postop day. Unfortunately patient died at home during sleep 3 weeks postop.

? pe

Monday, 1 November 2010

Distal pole scaphoid fracture with Greissler’s Grade III SL dissociation






•53 year old Female,Right Hand Dominant Doctor with H/O Fall 4 days back
•Pain and Tenderness right wrist
loacalised to radia side of wrist



Cine radography and scopy showed a conplete SL dissociation, distal pole fracture and a trapezoid fracture.

This was an unusual radial side combination injury .
We ignored the trapezoid injury and k wired the distal pole ro hamate and proximal pole to lunate to treat the scapholunate injury with some shaving of the adjoining surface SL joint to cause fibrous ankylosis . 6 weeks later the fracture united and was mobilised.

Wednesday, 8 September 2010













65 year old, 18 months post surface replacement in apatient for OA shoulder with cuff tear. She has a malunited shaft fracture 18 years old.

1.Was the choice coloured against a TSR due to the malunion

2. Was the cuff tear signifcant for TSR and Cap to fail....

3 Reverse shoulder would have been the option if the cuff was deficient?

The much hyped reverse shoulder has finally reached our shores. It took five years for depuy to consider bringing this implant to india. This is more difficult operation to do with a reported published complication rate as high as 25%. sHE IS 3 MONTHS NOW WITH 100 ABD,90DEGRESS FLEXION, 30 DEGREES EXT ROTATION.




Scapular notching, stress fractures, dislocation etc are reported. It is important to be tight unlike TSR where in 50% subuxation should be possible after closure for a well functioning TSR. TSR OR Shoulder capping is acceptable in the young active person as the reported rate of glenoid loosening is high at 10 years.















Saturday, 4 September 2010

Sub troch nonunion for THR post shanz osteotomy

One year post subtrochanteric osteotomy and thr post shanz ostrotomy for DDH. Patient is 35 years old

jacob

The instability at the osteotomy site was posibly due to lack of stable fixation of the distal fragment,which was augmented by the plate. I feel this was insufficient and hence the non union.- ideally the stem should have been upsized. This was revised to a distal loading solution stem using an eto to remove the well ingrown Srom sleeve

Friday, 6 August 2010

Crowe 3 DDH


66 year old male with crowe 3 DDH lt. Hip. 3. 4 cm shortening. Pain exacerbated over last 2 months. was active swimmer till last year.


Option 1. Cemented Cup in the Psuedo-acetabulum with a cemented low offset stem.- Loosening rates of the cup are high.

2. Uncemented bantam cup in the true acetabulum, breaking the medail wall with a modular stem( SROM) in this cases with shortening if necessary with MOM or MOP bearings.we chose the latter with minimal postop problems. Ilipsoas and circumferential capsular release was done. We did not do a shortening osteotomy as the sciatic nertve was palpated and not found to be tense. the lengthening was close to 3 cm. Hamstring tightness was present postop which resolved in 6 weeks.

Thursday, 5 August 2010

Carpenter with an edge

And then God made an Orthopod. The surgeons looked upto the sky with disgust and called us carpenters. I say we are carpenters with an edge. The exact date when an orthopod evolved is still a mystery. Like every other pod the orthopod have evolved as pediatric pod, hip pod, knee pod, spine pod and above all the know it all “Orthopod”. Haven’t we seen enough of these already.
Hey, we are glorified carpenters, so what. We make people walk, kick and fight another day. Orthopods are reconstructive surgeons whether they do foot, paeds or any joint or bone right or Left superior or inferior. Unlike general surgeons, we do not remove body parts. Amputations are best done by general surgeons.

Orthopods are the the butt of many jokes. My cardiologist colleague once asked me to answer what a double blind study was, and proceeded to answer that it is two orthopods trying to read an ECG. But guys and girls, who else can ask a nurse for a screw without getting hit.

Who said girls can’t be good orthopods. I was taught that to sculpt the arch of the foot the anterior surface of thorax makes a perfect mold which few males can reproduce. Cut the bull about strength needed in orthopedics. It is the technique, the size doesn’t matter. May be a hip reduction needs a bit of biceps.
Like any profession life is tough. Look at the auto driver navigating the pot holes in Kochi in the monsoon rains. His job is as tough as any ones.
Getting a degree is just the beginning of ones orthopedic career. I do believe one needs to be at least 10 years in the speciality before one decides to set up independent shop. Any surgeon for that matter or any profession has about 10 years when one is at the top. It could ie; sleeping, drilling, screwing(cortical and cancellous), reading, removing sutures, k wires, implants, debriding and ball carrying your boss are for those 10 peak years. Some use you other are used by you. After which one rests on ones achievements and can prolong one's career at the peak depending on your ones genes and environmental influences.
Please differentiate information which is what one get from the net, books, journal, colleagues etc from knowledge which is where in you put the “correct” information to use and a few grey hairs if you have any with wisdom obtained by the time one retires. Wisdom is where you have learnt it all, done it all, using the knowledge and learning what works surgically and what was bull with your bare hands and mind. Unfortunately, you retire by the time one attains wisdom.
There is no perfect post op X-ray. One can always find something in the morning when you look at the Xray to criticize and improve next time. Read again the night after the surgery to correct what could be improved and not just the day before the surgery. Of course read the day before surgery too. In difficult cases have a plan B and sometimes plan C to cover intraop surprises.
Text books are 4 to 5 years old information, journals 2 years and cutting edge conferences one year old information. If one wants to be cutting the edge one should do the cutting edge work yourself or be in touch with the cutting edge guy.

Our exams and training appear to be focused on passing exams and amassing degrees all of the same subject. Not improving skills. Which other world has doctors with D orth. MS orth, Mch ortho. FRCS ortho and quacks with fellow of this and that. One should do allied subjects which will widen ones scope. A searching, researching questioning hat one should always wear.

Yes, it is difficult to criticize your boss even if you know he is wrong. But you could jot down what one should do if you think your boss does not have the knowledge or broadmindedness to accept a mistake. Keep a copy of the operation note in your laptop or file as some rare cases are rare and the experience of the case will help in years later when you head the team. When you read a topic search everywhere around and save the updated information, and keep updating it each time you read about it.
Never repeat the same mistake. If so, you are either to be punished, banished or send to our border. I hear patients getting blamed for rejection of implant when it is either infected or loose due to bad cementing. Every mistake is a learning process and corrective measures should be immediately taken. Do not get disheartened by the statements of your colleagues who are sometimes ignorant, jealous or just plain nasty.
Do not do a procedure because you know how to do it. I was taught that if you consider every patient your father, mother, brother, sister, son or daughter and decide whether one would do the same on them, then proceed. Otherwise stop. Move around and train under many different surgeons to learn from one and all before one decides your methodology. With some jobs one might learn what not to do.
All what I have mentioned is what I have learnt from my Gurus, colleagues and juniors. Above all ask for the Almighty’s blessings to help you help your patients. Signing of with a cardiac surgeon’s quote. What is the difference between God and a cardiac surgeon? The cardiac surgeon thinks he is God. Don’t ever make the mistake and talk to your patient about all the options(not just the option you know) and communicate the complications too. You are not God’s gift to mankind.
Jacob varghese

Wednesday, 4 August 2010

fracture head in ceramic on ceramic THR

38 year old male 4 years after ceramic on ceramic THR came with head fracture while playing badminton.
What are the options now and cause for the fracture?jacob
Options
Damage taper.
10 years postop. Asymptomatic till date