Saturday, 4 September 2010

Sub troch nonunion for THR post shanz osteotomy

One year post subtrochanteric osteotomy and thr post shanz ostrotomy for DDH. Patient is 35 years old

jacob

The instability at the osteotomy site was posibly due to lack of stable fixation of the distal fragment,which was augmented by the plate. I feel this was insufficient and hence the non union.- ideally the stem should have been upsized. This was revised to a distal loading solution stem using an eto to remove the well ingrown Srom sleeve

Friday, 6 August 2010

Crowe 3 DDH


66 year old male with crowe 3 DDH lt. Hip. 3. 4 cm shortening. Pain exacerbated over last 2 months. was active swimmer till last year.


Option 1. Cemented Cup in the Psuedo-acetabulum with a cemented low offset stem.- Loosening rates of the cup are high.

2. Uncemented bantam cup in the true acetabulum, breaking the medail wall with a modular stem( SROM) in this cases with shortening if necessary with MOM or MOP bearings.we chose the latter with minimal postop problems. Ilipsoas and circumferential capsular release was done. We did not do a shortening osteotomy as the sciatic nertve was palpated and not found to be tense. the lengthening was close to 3 cm. Hamstring tightness was present postop which resolved in 6 weeks.

Thursday, 5 August 2010

Carpenter with an edge

And then God made an Orthopod. The surgeons looked upto the sky with disgust and called us carpenters. I say we are carpenters with an edge. The exact date when an orthopod evolved is still a mystery. Like every other pod the orthopod have evolved as pediatric pod, hip pod, knee pod, spine pod and above all the know it all “Orthopod”. Haven’t we seen enough of these already.
Hey, we are glorified carpenters, so what. We make people walk, kick and fight another day. Orthopods are reconstructive surgeons whether they do foot, paeds or any joint or bone right or Left superior or inferior. Unlike general surgeons, we do not remove body parts. Amputations are best done by general surgeons.

Orthopods are the the butt of many jokes. My cardiologist colleague once asked me to answer what a double blind study was, and proceeded to answer that it is two orthopods trying to read an ECG. But guys and girls, who else can ask a nurse for a screw without getting hit.

Who said girls can’t be good orthopods. I was taught that to sculpt the arch of the foot the anterior surface of thorax makes a perfect mold which few males can reproduce. Cut the bull about strength needed in orthopedics. It is the technique, the size doesn’t matter. May be a hip reduction needs a bit of biceps.
Like any profession life is tough. Look at the auto driver navigating the pot holes in Kochi in the monsoon rains. His job is as tough as any ones.
Getting a degree is just the beginning of ones orthopedic career. I do believe one needs to be at least 10 years in the speciality before one decides to set up independent shop. Any surgeon for that matter or any profession has about 10 years when one is at the top. It could ie; sleeping, drilling, screwing(cortical and cancellous), reading, removing sutures, k wires, implants, debriding and ball carrying your boss are for those 10 peak years. Some use you other are used by you. After which one rests on ones achievements and can prolong one's career at the peak depending on your ones genes and environmental influences.
Please differentiate information which is what one get from the net, books, journal, colleagues etc from knowledge which is where in you put the “correct” information to use and a few grey hairs if you have any with wisdom obtained by the time one retires. Wisdom is where you have learnt it all, done it all, using the knowledge and learning what works surgically and what was bull with your bare hands and mind. Unfortunately, you retire by the time one attains wisdom.
There is no perfect post op X-ray. One can always find something in the morning when you look at the Xray to criticize and improve next time. Read again the night after the surgery to correct what could be improved and not just the day before the surgery. Of course read the day before surgery too. In difficult cases have a plan B and sometimes plan C to cover intraop surprises.
Text books are 4 to 5 years old information, journals 2 years and cutting edge conferences one year old information. If one wants to be cutting the edge one should do the cutting edge work yourself or be in touch with the cutting edge guy.

Our exams and training appear to be focused on passing exams and amassing degrees all of the same subject. Not improving skills. Which other world has doctors with D orth. MS orth, Mch ortho. FRCS ortho and quacks with fellow of this and that. One should do allied subjects which will widen ones scope. A searching, researching questioning hat one should always wear.

Yes, it is difficult to criticize your boss even if you know he is wrong. But you could jot down what one should do if you think your boss does not have the knowledge or broadmindedness to accept a mistake. Keep a copy of the operation note in your laptop or file as some rare cases are rare and the experience of the case will help in years later when you head the team. When you read a topic search everywhere around and save the updated information, and keep updating it each time you read about it.
Never repeat the same mistake. If so, you are either to be punished, banished or send to our border. I hear patients getting blamed for rejection of implant when it is either infected or loose due to bad cementing. Every mistake is a learning process and corrective measures should be immediately taken. Do not get disheartened by the statements of your colleagues who are sometimes ignorant, jealous or just plain nasty.
Do not do a procedure because you know how to do it. I was taught that if you consider every patient your father, mother, brother, sister, son or daughter and decide whether one would do the same on them, then proceed. Otherwise stop. Move around and train under many different surgeons to learn from one and all before one decides your methodology. With some jobs one might learn what not to do.
All what I have mentioned is what I have learnt from my Gurus, colleagues and juniors. Above all ask for the Almighty’s blessings to help you help your patients. Signing of with a cardiac surgeon’s quote. What is the difference between God and a cardiac surgeon? The cardiac surgeon thinks he is God. Don’t ever make the mistake and talk to your patient about all the options(not just the option you know) and communicate the complications too. You are not God’s gift to mankind.
Jacob varghese

Wednesday, 4 August 2010

fracture head in ceramic on ceramic THR

38 year old male 4 years after ceramic on ceramic THR came with head fracture while playing badminton.
What are the options now and cause for the fracture?jacob
Options
Damage taper.
10 years postop. Asymptomatic till date


Sunday, 25 July 2010

Arthrokochi

Arthrokochi was exhausting time for the organisers. I feel the team did a good job in the circumstances and would definitely like to improve the content, lessen the boredom being more interactive with 2 live surgeries max.

The interest amazed all of us and truly feel humbled and happy that there is tremendous interest in arthroscopy. had some comments as to knee sessions were better, as well as some lectures were too theoritical. Do wish to thank all the delegates , my friends, colleagues, LORC team and most of all the faculty and Sunder for all their contribution.
Some of the answers to following questions interest us.
Will the conference have a change in one's Surgical practise?
Did it untie some of the knots in our practise?.
Will the new implants, PRP, surgical technique improve the patient outcomes or some insurance clerk will kill it?
Any comments, Critical first.

Tuesday, 6 July 2010

24 year old army captain with history of recurrant dislocation. Positive apprehension for anterior instability. No ligamentous laxity. Xrays showed indistinct anterior inferior border of glenoid. Therefore CT scan was done in addition to MRI. This confirmed a large anterior inferior glenoid fragment with a Hill Sachs lesions.


Any comments

we decided to increase the glenoid ARC as descibed by de beers and others. It is an extraarticular enlargement of the arc with a corocoid transfer.

Friday, 11 June 2010

Tibia Vara Causing OA knee







63 year old lady 14 years after conservatively treated diaphsyeal fracture tibia presented painful knee with medial and patellofemoral OA


Planned to do a metaphyseal corrective osteotomy followed by a TKR- one stage and grafting. Touch wt bearing for 6 weeks. Fibula was not osteotomised as adequete correction and compression and grafting was thought to be sufficient.

79 year 10 years post acetabular fracture fixed elsewhere presented with Trochanteric fracture. Patient ASA grade 2, non diabetic and pretty active. The judet views showed adequate posterior column and wall. Planned for a THR. Cemented or uncemented. 36 head if possible.


We decided to remove the implant only if it was interfereing and finally went thru modified hardinge and did a cemented repalcement. We wanted a larger head diameter with an uncemented cup but due to the presence of 2 intraarticular screw we cemented the same and a calcar replacement stem with wiring of the trochanter.


Thursday, 29 April 2010





21 YR OLD RT. handed student presented with a stiff elbow, jog of rotation Fixed at 90 degrees flexion. She was immobilised in the primary institution for 3 weeks following dislocation which she was mobilised.
Alkaline phosphatase is normal.
MRI shows some radiocapitellar bands







68 year old patient with metaphyseal varus deformity of 22 degrees . Planned for TKR.


Is there a need for a metaphyseal osteotomy? An intraarticular correction of more than 10 degreees may be not advisable,both for longevity as well as medial cortical impingement.
We did a transverse metaphyseal osteotomy where the intramedullary stem impinged the cortex( below the stem tibial base plate junction), used an intramedullary tibial cutting jig. used a distal fitting intramedullary stem and cancellous graft was impacted at the osteotomy site.
She was commenced mobilisation with a walker for 6 weeks.



Friday, 5 March 2010

78 year old gentleman, hypertensive and well controlled diabetic sustained a both coloumn fracture rt. acetabulum following a fall down the steps. Relevant 3D pics are attached.

















Comments please

In view of his age and communition we planned ORIF and primary THR. His haemoglobin was 8 gms we made us think of 1. fixing the posterior column and wall and use a multiholed cup if good,stable posterior superior host bone contact is obtained or 2.cage if we cant get the same.





attached are the pics with good posterior superior contact and primary THR. Host bone autografy used medialy to avoid protrusio.
On your rt is the 3 month xray and is now full wt bearing> no migration detected yet.

Tuesday, 15 December 2009

54 year DDH





54 year DDH with pain rt. hip, Gross trendelenberg gait and 7 cm shortening.

Options
1. Milch Batchelor osteotomy if the patient is financially challenged to avoid trendelenberg gait and excision of the head if one believes that as a cause of pain-
2. THR with a modular stem with subtrochanteric shortening

Problems with THR- Solutions
Finding the true acetabulum- Standard hardinge exept the proximal limb in an acute angle to follow the gluteus medius fibres. Neck osteotomy as planned. Follow the inferior capsule from lesser trochanter to reach the true acetabulum or walk on the ilium with a Homan distally till you slip below the transverse ligament, all the while excising the scar.
acetabulum with narrower AP diameter as compared to supero inferior diameter.Thin or deficient anterior wall.- Drill the medial wall eith a 2.5 drill and measure the depth usually 1 to 1.5 cm. That is how much you can medialise the cup or even break the medial wall as described by Zhiang. Use the next reamers in the inclination and version decided with a posterior vector to ream less of the anterior wall till one gets a good fit not just superior inferior fit. 70% host bone contact is achieved without much ado.
Osteoporotic acetabulum as it was never loaded - .I had a problem in one case when the acetabular dome screws cut out when mobilising the patient and had to cement a cup. So keep Cemented cup back up.

Shortening of femur - well descibed techniques in literature- shall elucidate if needed without boring others with this writen diarrhoea.
Narrow canal
Proximal distal mismatch
2 yr follow up xrays after the weekend
As a reply to Dr. Utkarsh comments. To find the true acetabulum after the osteotomy force the spike of the homan;s spike on the ilium and excise the scar. Walk down on the ilium with the spike feeling the bone till you come to the deficiency inferiorly which is the tear drop.

As far as the stem goes I use a modular stem which is distal fixing and proximal loading with sizes upto 6m and small offset to cover for the narrow canal. The distal slot helps to hold the distal fragment after the shortening osteotomy and rarely a unicortical plate is needed.

There ia a latin american paper where in a distal shorterning osteotomy is in the metaphysis ( supracondylar)with similar results. Others have desribed a method to Intesucept the distal smaller dia fragment to the larger dia proximal fragment for stability. We use a sagital osteotomy of the shortenend excised fragments as a vascularised graft with V. lateralis attached to lie on either side of the osteotomy as seen in the above xrays.



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perprosthetic fracture in a octogenarian-



perioprosthetic fracture in an 89 yr old male after Austin moore prosthesis implanted 3 years ago. COPD, H/0 recent CVA.


Ideally I want an implant which is cemented distallt and uncemented proximally for fractur healing and immediate mobilisation in view of his age. What was done was a fully porocoated cobalt chrome implant here in the porocoat was removed with a burr smoothen the stem for cementing distally and wiring proximally in the uncemented part. Patient was mobilised immediated post op with a walker wt bearing as comfortable. He is 8 months postop so far with no lysis. bipolar head used as the acetabulum was normal and low demand.

Hey I did a Restoration fluted stem revision yesterday- which may be an option here as it is titanium. fluted with grooves like wagner to fit distally and HA coated proximally for this octogenarian for immediate wt. bearing.

Saturday, 5 December 2009

To fix or replace -5 month old fracture dislocation











Dr. Ramesh Dalwai sends a case for discussion




This a 55 yr old gentleman ( rt. hand dominant) with H/O fall 5 months back. Sustained injury to Rt shoulder and was treated by a bone setter. Presented to His OPD with difficulty in overhead activities and ADL:
Gross wasting,ROM- Flexion upto 60 degrees,No Extension or External rotation, Abd -40 degrees. All movements associated with terminal pain only.No neuro-vascular deficits.
Any comments or tips on management




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